Land pollution is the contamination of land with hazardous waste like garbage and other waste materials that dont belong to the land. These are consumed by plants and animals and then when the next consumer feeds on either the plant or the animal, it plies up and ultimately contaminates the body. On the other hand, Water is one of the most essential things that pertain to life for all living things. Water Pollution is the contamination of ponds streams, lakes, underground water, bays, or oceans by substances harmful to living things. Impure water kills plants and animals. It also causes humans to fall sick and acquire other illnesses like cholera, diarrhoea etc.

In some urban areas, they are experiencing a problem with the disposal of garbage and other kinds of waste that can be hazardous to their health such as some solvents and other industrial waste that can get into our drinking. So they dispose off their garbage and other waste where they think is appropriate for them and this gets into the drinking streams and the soil, into the body and this makes up fall sick and some of us even die. Instead of doing this, waste could be recycled and we could live in a healthier environment.

As the human population grows, more and more planting must be done to sustain them. As a result of this measures have been taken by agriculturalists to maximize the production of foodstuffs. To make sure that they dont waste their time after they have planted the new produce, they spray them with chemicals to keep rodents away from the crops. They either use pesticides or insecticides to kill and deter weeds, fungi, and rodents. When these chemicals are sprayed on the crops, it sinks into them and the plants grow absorbing them and then when we eat them, we have the chance of falling ill or getting all kinds of illnesses like cancer and birth defects. Some of these pesticides also move through the air and are inhaled. Because pesticides and insecticides are made to resist rain and some rodents have developed a genetic resistance for these chemicals, farmers use more than they should and it stays in the atmosphere for a longer period of time. Some of these have brought about devastation to the environment. When the topsoil is washed away, it sometimes gets into streams and rivers and ultimately into our drinking water.

Herbicides and pesticides is another major source of pollution. These are the chemicals, such as chlordane and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) used by the farmers. The animals feed on the plants with the chemicals and then die. Other animals feed on the plants and live. Now, the ones that live get contaminated and then pass the chemicals that have got into their tissues and other parts of their bodies, on to the next consumer.

After a time, these chemicals gather or get into our drinking sources, through rainfalls and erosion, and then the water is contaminated. Also, when the chemicals get into the rivers and other sources of life for animals that live in water, they consume the water and then they get contaminated with these chemicals. Hence, any consumer who eats the fish also gets affected by the contaminated fish. Oxygen levels in the water may drop to such dangerously low levels that oxygen-dependent animals in the water, such as fish, die. This process of depleting oxygen to deadly levels is called eutrophication.

Animals of the land that feed on the crops that have been sprayed with the chemicals also get contaminated and the end consumers, which are human beings, gets polluted and affected. These chemicals can cause birth defects and cancer etc.

These are waste chemicals that are either poisonous, capable of producing explosive or toxic gases, capable of corroding steel or are flammable. These wastes always get into our water streams through improper dispose off waste by industries.

Factories sometimes turn waterways into open sewers by dumping oils, toxic chemicals, and other harmful industrial wastes into them. In mining and oil-drilling operations, corrosive acid wastes are poured into the water. In recent years, municipal waste treatment plants are being built to contend with water contamination. Some towns, however, still foul streams by pouring raw sewage into them. Septic tanks used where sewers are not available, may also pollute the groundwater and adjacent streams, sometimes with disease-causing organisms. Even the purified effluent from sewage plants can cause water pollution if it contains high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Farm fertilizers in some regions fill groundwater with nitrates, making the water unfit to drink. Agricultural runoff containing dangerous pesticides and the oil.

Some heavy metals like lead, copper, cadmium, mercury and selenium get into water bodies from industrial waste, car exhaust, mines and soil. Also, animals drink from these water bodies and then get contaminated and it gets passed on the end consumers. Like human beings these metals are harmful to the body and when they pile up, contaminate the body and then become poisonous causing sickness or long-term health problems. Cadmium is derived from sewage sludge and can be absorbed by crops and it can cause diarrhoea and even liver and kidney problems. Lead, another poisonous metal, gets into our drinking water from the solder in the water systems and it causes mental retardation in children.

Oils spills are another form of water pollution. Ships that travel with oil and other products derived from oil that are used as fuels, lubricants, plastics and other purposes, at times spill oil into the sea accidentally. This becomes a thin layer on the surface of the water and then prevents oxygen getting into the water and carbon dioxide from coming out. Because most petroleum products are poisonous, the fish get contaminated with chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Routine and deliberate discharges, when tanks are flushed out with seawater, also add a lot of oil to the oceans. Offshore oil platforms also produce spills: An oil spill has its worst effects when the oil slick encounters a shoreline. Oil in coastal waters kills tide pool life and harms birds and marine mammals by causing feathers and fur to lose their natural waterproof quality, which causes the animals to drown or die of cold. Additionally, these animals can become sick or poisoned when they swallow the oil.